Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Public Health and Hyudraulic Fracturing - 1476 Words

This paper explores the process and potential effects of hydraulic fracturing in a public health framework. It defines the relationship between hydraulic fracturing and public health by presenting the pathways and nature of contamination. It concludes by examining the potential effects contaminants may have on the human populations as well as offering recommendations for future studies and analysis. Pathways of Contamination It is believed that the potential health consequences of hydraulic fracturing begin at the start and last long after the operation has stopped (McDermott-Levy et. al. 2013:46), which makes it difficult to track where specific contaminates are originating in the process. This section aims to explore the different†¦show more content†¦ii. Surface Water There are two kinds of water that exist on the surface-level as waste from the process of hydraulic fracturing. They are flowback and produced water. Flowback water contains several chemicals that are known to cause health effects such as skin, eye, and sensory organ damage (Finkel and Law 2004:784). The second is produced water, which is the water that is used within the well itself (Adgate 2014:7). Both of these waters are stored in either surface pits or sealed tanks prior to reuse and/or disposal. The main pathway to water contamination occurs when these wastewaters are improperly disposed of or poorly managed. These waters contain fracturing fluids and natural occurring contaminations (Moss et.al. 2013:4). The method of disposing of the water and brine extracted from the shale has the potential to affect the water quality of lakes, rivers, and streams; damage public water supplies; and overwhelm public wastewater treatment plants (APHA 2012:4). It is also possible that if spills or accidents occur the runoff will leak into the water supply, which would affect the drinking water quality. b. Air contamination is another pathway that introduces chemicals into the environment during the process of hydraulic fracturing. It also releases unintended

Animal Testing a Human Benefit Through Major Free Essays

Animal Testing This essay is centered towards people who think that there is no good reason to do animal testing. Medicine testing on animals necessary. The animal rights organization, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), is one that has really caught my attention in recent months. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Testing: a Human Benefit Through Major or any similar topic only for you Order Now PETA has proven themselves to be the largest animal rights organization in the world, with over 3 million people members who all do their duty in attempts to reserve the rights of animals. I must say, the organization quickly brought me in favor of their beliefs for quite some time. As PETA clarifies that they come together to put a halt on the â€Å"abuse of animals in cruel and painful experiments,† it is very difficult to not support the organization. They focus most of their attention on these concepts, and show it’s negativity to industries based on what they call human â€Å"entertainment. † The issue is that PETA only reveals one side to the story, disregarding any possible benefits animal testing may provide to humans. The extensive interest I have on the issue has leaded me to further my understanding. With PETA’s constant views on the â€Å"implementation of humane† nature, I’ve come to notice that scientific research on animals does not affect the balance of nature; that is, in comparison to many activities in our society such as hunting for pleasure which serves no purpose. I began to question as to why animal testing is taking place right now in our society, and could the benefits of these experiments outweigh the negative outlook it has? I have been looking into the nature and ethics behind the testing’s, and I have come to realize there are strong opinions for both those for and against the practice. Contrary to PETA’s views, I believe that although animals may at time experience pain, it does not make it wrong to use animals. This does not include the use of animals towards unnecessary luxuries such as cosmetics and fur in the clothing line, industries that PETA criticizes intently. Humans don’t benefit from animal testing by wearing animal fur; however they do benefit through major medical advancements, such as experiments leading to a successful vaccine for rabies. One of the most controversial topics would be that animal testing is morally wrong, and ultimately, disturbingly similar to murder. While one may justify this as a strong reason to position themselves against the rights of animal testing, I would argue that many people fail to understand the legitimacy behind the trials. PETA states that the federal government wastes their money on misleading experiments, and should focus their intentions on â€Å"studies that are actually relevant to humans. Bernard E Rolling states in his article, Animal testing: A Moral Science, that â€Å"although abolitionists argue that using animals in biomedical research produces no benefits on humans†¦the scientific community has adopted an equally extreme position’. Rolling is implying that animal testing serves a purpose, and is being done for the better good of human society. Animal Testings role in developing vaccines on a cure for HIV and AIDS has been a controversial issue for quite some time. With HIV being one of many diseases which are still without a cure, the search for effective drugs has proven particularly difficult. Some argue that scientists should test on human participants prior to approving its safety; however dealing with potential vaccines is dangerous and can produce illness or even death. As a result, researchers use animals to help â€Å"ensure the efficacy of drugs and vaccines† prior to human use (Avert. Org). With multiple grim stories regarding the usage of animals on PETA, my first opinion was to fall for the sympathy of the animals; however, I’ve come to realize that sometimes the beneficial actions for our society may come with hardships. The ultimate goal for many things is to ensure the quality of life among the people, and to enhance the knowledge in the medical world. Furthering the discussion of animal distress within the experiments, many emphasize that all experiments are conducted humanely, to high scientific standards. As mentioned under the United States Department of Agriculture, the Animal Welfare Act is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers†¦. while] enforced by the USDA and Animal Care Agency. † Based on this information, it may be true that many people are subject to animal testing misconceptions involving mistreatment. Strict regulations within the Animal and Welfare Act include the following: specifications of lighting and temperature, animals kept outdoors must be provided with safety and shelter from nature’s elements, food and water must be given regularly, and there must be regular rese arch proposals to â€Å"minimize discomfort, distress, and pain to the animals†. With this being said, I personally believe its uneducal to provide an opinion based on misconceptions rather than facts. In a world where rules and provisions serve as mandatory in day-to-day activities, it provides feedback on my opinion towards this controversial issue. As well, The Committee on Animal Research and Ethics (CARE) provides details on the basis prior to experimentation. Details within the justification towards research includes that research is done solely to accomplish a clear scientific purpose, and that there is â€Å"reasonable expectation that the experiment will†¦ ncrease knowledge of the process underlying [human] development or behavior, determine replicability of prior research, increase understanding of the species or provide results that determine benefits towards the health or welfare of human or animal species. † Arguably the most beneficial provision is that no research or experiment may be conducted without the protocol being revised and det ermined appropriate by an animal care committee, thus ensuring the research to be safe and humane. The reality towards the issue is that it’s unfortunate that there aren’t more alternatives for animal testing. However on the basis that the human race needs to develop knowledge to further their research to obtain medicines, animal testing seems to serve the utmost importance. If we have a goal to one day cure diseases like AIDS and Cancer, shouldn’t research in this department be necessary? I agree with PETA in the sense that animal testing is morally wrong if implemented with the fur and cosmetic industries, but they fail to consider the other side to the issue: that it is necessary on the fact that humans need research to move forward as a whole. How to cite Animal Testing: a Human Benefit Through Major, Essay examples

Comparision of internet banking and traditional banking free essay sample

The advent of the Internet has had an impact in our lives in all sorts of ways such as in the manner in which we communicate, flirt, date, and most importantly, how we shop. While even in the recent past the thought of whether some day one would be able to buy an Armani outfit wearing pajamas while looking after the needs of a couple of toddlers would have seemed an outlandish idea, thanks to the increasing sophistication of the technology of the 21st century, practically everything is virtually possible, and shopping from the comfort of one’s home has become a part of most people’s daily lives. When retailing on the web started, sometime in the middle to the late 1990s, it gave rise to the debate which is still ongoing, about online vs. traditional shopping. And even though shopping centres are still being thronged by shoppers, just as they do on the Internet, the question still remains – Whether online shopping will conquer all, or if traditional shopping will survive this increasing onslaught of e-shopping? In order to study this, let’s examine a few pros and cons of online vs. traditional shopping: One of the main advantages of shopping online is the elimination of the need to drive somewhere to buy something. So, no frustrations of dealing with traffic snarls and no parking problems. Besides, you could use up half your petrol merely shopping for the stuff you want. With the price of petrol being what it is these days, the money you save by shopping online will often be enough to pay for a few items or gifts you were thinking of buying. Online shopping saves precious time. With the busy lives that most of us lead these days, anything that saves time is a boon. When you shop online, it will take you about a minute to log on to the Internet, about a minute or two more to access the website of the store of your choice, it may take another ten to fifteen minutes to select the items you want to buy, and about five minutes more to fill in the information about your payment and get a print out of your receipt. Voila! It would take you just about thirty minutes to do your shopping. Imagine all the things you could do with all the time saved, like spending quality time with the kids, or perhaps even catching the movie you have been meaning to see. Online shopping offers a sense of ease and comfort; as opposed to trudging all through the highstreet hunting for the things you want. You can truly understand the difference between online vs. traditional shopping when you step into a brick and mortar shop, especially during holiday shopping season. You have to struggle your way through crowds of jostling people, wait in queues to make your purchase, and you usually have to go from one store to another to find some item you may be looking for. And that is one of the main problems of a traditional shop. Usually, if you are looking for a particular item, you will find only limited choices of it. Having a limitation of shelf space, brick and mortar shops simply cannot afford to provide large varieties of products. For them, it makes economic sense to fill the limited space on their shelves with items that sell most. These products may not necessarily be the best, but probably are the ones that are marketed the best. Online stores, on the other hand, do not have this problem of limitation of shelf space. â€Å"Shelf space† that is virtual is limited only by the web server’s storage capacity. Hence, an online store can have innumerable varieties of a particular product, which would use up negligible hard drive space. With suppliers providing same day shipping facility, virtual stores need not even carry the stocks of all the items, hence they require no shelf space for warehousing either. Since online shelf space happens to be so plentiful and cheap, it means online shops can also cater to particular niche markets. For example, an online store can afford to sell just intercom systems such as video intercoms, wireless intercoms, wireless infant monitoring systems and the like, which would not be possible for a brick and mortar retail store. Even if it were located in a large city, while it would perhaps sell some intercom systems, the sales would not be able to cover the overhead expenses involved in brick and mortar stores. This is where online stores win hands down against brick and mortar stores. Compared to a building made of brick and mortar, online websites are incredibly cheap to set up. And to top it all, unlike a building which is accessible only to the people of the locality, websites are accessible to the whole world. When you shop online, you have the ability to scroll quickly through several stores to locate the item you want to buy. Most of these websites are very user friendly and simple to navigate through. All of which implies that the advent of online shopping has provided consumers the facility of making infinite choices in getting exactly the product they want. The demand and supply bottle-necks of the past no longer exist; hence everyone has access to everything. With shelf space not costing much, everyone’s shopping requirements can be catered to. The next important factor of online vs. traditional shopping is the price. You will hardly ever find actual sales when you shop in a traditional retail store. More often than not, the so called â€Å"sale price† tagged on a product is its actual price, and is just put there each weekend to entice customers. Whereas, when you shop online, you can hop from one store to another, comparing prices. Thus, when there is an actual drop in prices, you can actually benefit from it. Another feature that online stores offer which traditional stores don’t is wholesale. When a product is sold at or less than the retail price, it is referred to as wholesale. Such sales are never available in brick and mortar retail outlets. In addition, besides being to able to shop from the comfort of your home, you can shop online any time during the day. Shops on the Internet never shut down for the night, unlike traditional retail shops and shopping centres. This means that you never have to think about having to wait for the right time to shop, to avoid crowds. You can shop whenever you have the time and feel the need to. However, traditional shopping does have certain plus points. Immediate gratification that local brick and mortar shops provide is still liked by many people. If you want something right away, just now, getting it from a retail store is the only option. Seeing and touching a product is also an important factor for many people when they buy things. For example, most people would not buy a piece of expensive jewellery only on the basis of a picture on a website. The chances are slim for the Internet to capture a share of the market of industries which are more suitable for traditional shopping. While consumers can carry out research online for high priced items like properties and cars, people usually want to see the piece of real estate or visit a car showroom and test drive a car before finalising a deal. A traditional retailer bestows the personalised human contact which is not available on the Internet. Besides, for many people shopping is a source of entertainment, almost a social rite. People like to handle things, especially clothes, feel the texture, and try them on to see how they look in them. But the rising popularity of shopping online proves that for an increasing number of people factors like avoiding the inconvenience and crowds, incompetent shopping assistants in the store, going all the way to the shop only to find the product they are looking for is out of stock outweigh the few advantages that traditional shopping has to offer. Practically everything that can be bought at a shopping centre or a retail store can be obtained online with ease in addition to being priced competitively. The only extra expense is the delivery but this could be outweighed by the savings you make shopping around online. So, if you really want an easier time when shopping, then doing it online is the best way to go about it.